Materials

MATERIAL	UNS/SPEC #s	DESCRIPTION/APPLICATIONS	BASIC COMPOSITION %	FORMS
ALLOY 304	UNS S30400 ASTM A-249, A-269, A-270, A-312, A-358, A-409, A-479, A-240 ASME SA-249, SA-312, SA-358, SA-409, SA-479, SA-240	An austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel. Non-hardenable except by cold working. Non-magnetic except when cold worked. General purpose .corrosion resistance. Food and beverage industries, chemical processing, petrochemical. May be susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking. Hydraulic lines, heat exchangers, feedwater heaters, U-bent and straight condenser tubes.	18.0/20.0 Cr 8.0/11.0 Ni 0.08 Max C Bal Fe	PIPE-TUBE FITTINGS FLANGES BAR-SHAPES SHEET PLATES
ALLOY 304L	UNS S30403 ASTM A-249, A-269, A-270, A-312, A-358, A-312, A-358, A-409, A-479, A-240 ASME SA· 249, SA-312, SA-358, SA- 409, SA-479, SA-240	An austenitic chromium-nickel, stainless steel adaptable for brazing or welding, where short-time exposure to high temperatures is encountered. Non-hardenable except by cold working. May be susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking. General purpose corrosion resistance. Used where field welding is employed. Applications include sanitary, dairy, food processing, evaporators, heat exchangers, feedwater heaters.	18.0/20.0 Cr 8.0/13.0 Ni 0.035 MaxC Bal Fe	PIPE-TUBE FITIINGS FLANGES BAR-SHEET SHEET PLATE
ALLOY 316	UNS S31600 ASTM A- 249, A-269, A-270, A-312, A-358, A-409, A-479, A- 240 ASME SA-249, SA- 312, SA-358, SA-409, SA- 479,SA-240	An austenitic chromium-nickel steel with improved corrosion and heat resistance. May be susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking. Non-hardenable, non-magnetic in the annealed condition and slightly magnetic when cold worked. Improved corrosion resistance to chlorides. Application in chemical process, rubber, plastics, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical and textile Industries, heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators.	16.0/18.0 Cr 10.0/14.0 Ni 2.0/3.0 Mo 0.08 Max C Bal Fe	PIPE-TUBE FITTINGS FLANGES BAR-SHAPES SHEET PLATES
ALLOY 316L	UNS S31603 ASTM A- 249, A-269, A-270, A-312, A-358, A-409, A-479, A- 240 ASME SA-249, SA- 312, SA-358, SA-409, SA- 479, SA-240	An austenitic chromium-nickel steel with improved corrosion/heat resistance, adaptable for welding, brazing and where other short-time, high temperature conditions are encountered. May be susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking. Non-hardenable, non-magnetic in the annealed condition, and slightly magnetic when cold worked. Improved corrosion resistance to chlorides. Application in nuclear, chemical, rubber, plastics, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical and textile Industries. Heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators.	16.0118.0 Cr 10.0/14.0 Ni 2.0/3.0Mo 0.035MaxC Bal Fe	PIPE-TUBE FITTINGS FLANGES BAR-SHAPES SHEET PLATE

Applications

260 Brass has a wide range of applications, such as appliance parts, highly formable parts, ammunition components, decorative parts of furniture and cabinets, name plates, engraving plates, overlays, legend plates, lamp fixtures, fasteners, locks, hinges, flashlight shells, connectors, fittings, circuit board relays, electronic components, switches, nuts, bolts, valve stems and valve components, radiator cores and tanks, brackets, frames, fixtures, ornamental works, and used extensively in the musical instrument, electrical equipment, plumbing, central heating, seawater lines and desalination fields.

Machineability and Weldability

In its half-hard condition, 260 Brass has a machinability rating of 30 as compared to 360 brass rated at 100. 260 Brass has the highest ductility in the yellow brass series. Welding is not recommended, although 260 Brass has low to fair soldering and brazing capabilities. 260 Brass has poor butt-welding characteristics.

Material Overview

Characteristics: Monel is a high tensile strength nickel-copper alloy that was discovered in 1905. It was found to be highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, salt water, and various acid and alkaline solutions. Alloy 400 can be magnetic depending upon composition and previous work history. Alloy K-500 has added aluminum and titanium for age hardening. It is totally nonmagnetic and spark resistant.

Uses: K-500 is used for gyroscope application and anchor cable aboard minesweepers. It is also used for propeller shafts on a wide variety of vessels and exhibits high fatigue strength in seawater. There is also application in chemical process applications for handling of organic acids, caustic and dry chlorine.

Monel 400 is used for marine engineering, chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment, valves, pumps, shafts, fittings, fasteners, and heat exchangers.

 

General Properties Density: 8.83 (gm/cc) Melting Point Range: 2370-2460 oF Curie Temperature: 20-50 oF Modulus of Elasticity Tension: 26.0 Compression: 26.0 Torsion: 9.5	Typical Mechanical Properties
Limiting Chemical Composition, % Nia - 63.0 min. Cu - 28.0-34.0 Fe - 2.5 max. Mn - 2.0 max. C - 0.3 max. S - 0.024 max. Si - 0.5 max.	Typical Mechanical Properties (Annealed) Tensile Strength, psi •••••• 80,000 MPa •••••• 550 Yield Strength(0.2%Offset), psi •••••• 35,000 MPa •••••• 240 Elongation,% •••••• 40
Physical Constants and Thermal Properties Density, Ib/in3 •••••• 0.318 g/cm3 •••••• 8.80 Melting Range, °F •••••• 2370 – 2460 °C •••••• 1300 – 1350 Specific Heat, Btu/lb •°F •••••• 0.102 J/kg • °C ••••••427 Curie Temperature, °F •••••• 70 – 120 °C •••••• 20 – 50 Coefficient of Expansion, 70 – 200°F, 10-6 in/in • °F •••••• 7.7 21 – 93°C, μm/m • °C •••••• 13.9 Thermal Conductivity, Btu • in/ft2•h•°F •••••• 151 W/m• °C ••••••21.8 Electrical Resistivity, ohm• circ mil/ft •••••• 329 μΩ•m ••••••0.547	Specifications and Designation UNS N04400 BS 3072 – 3076 (NA13) ASTM B 127, B 163 – B 165, B 366, B 564, B 725, B 730, B 751, B 775, B 829 ASME SB-127, SB-163 – SB-165, SB-366, SB-564, SB-725, SB-730, SB-751, SB-775, SB-829 AECMA Pr EN 2305 SAE AMS 4544, 4574, 4675, 4730, 4731, 7233 DIN 17743, 17750 – 17754 Werkstoff Nr. 2.4360, 2.4361 VdTÜV 263 QQ-N 281 NACE MR-01-75

Hastelloy® C-276

 

UNS Number N10276

Other common names: Alloy C276, Hastelloy C, Inconel® C-276

Hastelloy C276 is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium superalloy with an addition of tungsten designed to have excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of severe environments. The high nickel and molybdenum contents make the nickel steel alloy especially resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in reducing environments while chromium conveys resistance to oxidizing media. The low carbon content minimizes carbide precipitation during welding to maintain corrosion resistance in as-welded structures. This nickel alloy is resistant to the formation of grain boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone, thus making it suitable for most chemical process application in an as welded condition.

Although there are several variations of the Hastelloy nickel alloy, Hastelloy C-276 is by far the most widely used.

Alloy C-276 is widely used in the most severe environments such as chemical processing, pollution control, pulp and paper production, industrial and municipal waste treatment, and recovery of sour natural gas.

 

Corrosion Resistant Hastelloy C276

Considered one of the most versatile corrosion resistant alloys available, Hastelloy C-276 exhibits excellent resistance in a wide variety of chemical process environments including those with ferric and cupric chlorides, hot contaminated organic and inorganic media, chlorine, formic and acetic acids, acetic anhydride, seawater, brine and hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide solutions. In addition, alloy C-276 resists formation of grain boundary precipitates in the weld heat affected zone making it useful for most chemical processes in the as-welded condition. This alloy has excellent resistance to pitting and stress corrosion cracking.

 

What are the characteristics of Hastelloy C276?

• Excellent corrosion resistance in reducing environments
• Exceptional resistance to strong solutions of oxidizing salts, such as ferric and cupric chlorides
• High nickel and molybdenum contents providing good corrosion resistance in reducing environments
• Low carbon content which minimizes grain-boundary carbide precipitation during welding to maintain resistance to corrosion in heat-affected zones of welded joints
• Resistance to localized corrosion such as pitting and stress-corrosion cracking
• One of few materials to withstand the corrosive effects of wet chlorine gas, hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide

Chemical Composition, %

Ni	Mo	Cr	Fe	W	Co	Mn	C
Remainder	15.0-17.0	14.5-16.5	4.0-7.0	3.0-4.5	2.5 max	1.0 max	.01 max
V	P	S	Si
.35 max	.04 max	.03 max	.08 max

 

In what applications is Hastelloy C-276 used?

• Pollution control stack liners, ducts, dampers, scrubbers, stack-gas reheaters, fans and fan housings
• Flue gas desulfurization systems
• Chemical processing components like heat exchangers, reaction vessels, evaporators, and transfer piping
• Sour gas wells
• Pulp and paper production
• Waste treatment
• Pharmaceutical and food processing equipment

History of Titanium

Originally named gregorite, after the British chemist, Reverend William Gregor who discovered it in 1791, titanium was independently discovered by the German chemist M.H. Klaproth in 1793. He named it Titanium after the Titans of Greek mythology; “the incarnation of natural strength.” In 1797 he discovered that his titanium was the same as Gregor’s newly found element. However, the element was not successfully isolated until 1910.

Titanium is the 22nd element on the periodic table. Its atomic weight is 47.867amu. It is a low density element (4510 kg/m3); approximately 60% less dense than that that of steel. It is nonmagnetic, and transfers heat well. Its melting point (1993 K [3020 degrees F and 1650 degrees C]) is also higher than that of steel. Titanium has high passivity; therefore it exhibits high levels of corrosion resistance to most mineral acids and chlorides. It is also nontoxic and biologically compatible with human tissue and bone, making it an ideal material for medical implant products.

Rutile and ilmenite, the 2 primary minerals which contain titanium, make up 24% of the earth’s crust, thus making titanium the ninth most abundant element on the planet. However, it occurs in nature only in chemical combinations; the most common of which are oxygen and iron.

 

Properties of Titanium

Atomic Number 22 Heat of Vaporization 9.83MJ/kg Atomic Weight 47.9 Machinability Rating 40 Atomic Volume 10.6W/D Magnetic Susceptibility 1.25x10-6 / 3.17 emu/g Boiling Point 3260 °C/5900 °F Melting Point 1668°C + 10°C (3035°F + 18°F) Coefficient of friction 0.8 at 40 m/min (125 ft/min) / 0.68 at 300 m/min (1000 ft/min) Modulus of Elasticity 14.9 x 106psi Coefficient of thermal expansion 22 Atomic Number 8.64 x 10-6°C Poisson's Ratio 0.41 Color Dark Grey Solidus/Liquidus 1725°C/ (3137°F) Covalent Radius 1.32 A

Specific Gravity 4.5 Covalent Radius 1.32 A Specific Gravity 4.5 Density 4.51 gm/cm3 (0.163 lb/in3) Specific Heat (at 25oC) 0.518 J/kg °K, (0.124 BTU/lb °F) Electrical Conductivity 3% IACS (copper 100%) Specific resistance 554 µohm-cm Electrical Resistivity 47.8 µohm-cm Tensile Strength 35 ksi min Electronegativity 1.5 Pauling's Thermo-Conductivity 9.0 BTU/hr ft2°F First Ionization Energy 158 k-cal/g-mole Thermal Neutron Absorption Cross Section 5.6 barnes/atom Hardness HRB 70 to 74 Young's Modulus of Elasticity 116 x 106 lbf/in2, 102.7 GPA Heat of Fusion 440 kJ/kg (est.)

Download Perforation (pdf)

.020" Straight .020" dia.(1/2mm) .030" centers (.0762mm) 952 holes per sq in. 30% open	.033" Straight .033" dia.(0.838mm) .055" centers (1.397mm) 331 holes per sq in. 28% open	.045" Straight .045" dia.(1.143mm) .066" centers (1.676mm) 230 holes per sq in. 37% open	.060" Staggered .060" dia.(1.524mm) 7/64" centers (2.778mm) 97 holes per sq in. 27% open	1/16" Staggered .0625" dia.(1.588mm) .3/32" centers (2.381mm) 132 holes per sq in. 41% open
3/32" Staggered .094" dia.(2.381mm) 9/64" centers (3.572mm) 59 holes per sq in. 41% open	1/8" Staggered .125" dia.(3.175mm) 3/16" centers (4.763mm) 33 holes per sq in. 40% open	9/64" Staggered .141" dia.(3.572mm) 3/16" centers (4.763mm) 33 holes per sq in. 51% open	5/32" Staggered .156" dia.(3.969mm) 3/16" centers (4.763mm) 33 holes per sq in. 63% open	5/32" Staggered .156" dia.(3.969mm) 7/32" centers (5.556mm) 24 holes per sq in. 46% open
3/16" Staggered .1875" dia.(4.763mm) 1/4" centers (6.350mm) 18.5 holes per sq in. 51% open 1/4" Staggered .250" dia.(6.350mm) 5/16" centers (7.938mm) 58% open 3/8" Staggered .375" dia.(9.525mm) 1/2" centers (12.700mm) 51% open 1/2" Staggered .500" dia.(12.700mm) 11/16" centers (17.463mm) 48% open 5/8" Staggered .625" dia.(15.875mm) 13/16" centers (20.638mm) 54% open 3/4" Staggered .750" dia.(19mm) 1" centers (25.400mm) 51% open 1" Staggered 1" dia.(25.400mm) 1-1/4 " centers (31.750mm) 58% open

Download Wire Mesh (pdf)

Wire Mesh

Accomplish the finest Filtration with our screen baskets. These baskets are specifically designed to meet requirements, whereby absolute purification is critical. Fluid Filtration Manufacturing Corp. can incorporate its regular perforated sheet metal baskets with finer commercial grade wire cloth to achieve the ultimate filtration. In addition, we can increase these baskets potential with our magnet insertion, therefore doubling their filtering abilities. Our mesh screen baskets can be constructed from various wire cloths. Please refer to table for mesh size.

 

Mesh Specifications Materials Brass Stainless Steel Monel Mesh Size 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 120 160 200 250 325 400
Standard Mesh Technical Data
Mesh Hole Opening Inches Nearest Perf. Hole Opening Microns Wire Diameter Inches Material % Open Area 20 x 20 .034 1/32" 860 .016 all 46.2 30 x 30 .027 - 681 .0065 all 64.8 30 x 30 .0213 - 540 .012 all 40.8 40 x 40 .0150 1/64" 380 .010 all 36.0 50 x 50 .0110 - 280 .009 all 30.3 60 x 60 .0092 - 230 .0075 all 30.5 80 x 80 .0070 - 180 .0055 all 31.4 100 x 100 .0055 - 140 .0045 all 30.3 120 x 120 .0046 - 117 .0037 all 30.7 150 x 150 .0041 - 104 .0026 all 37.4 160 x 160 .0038 - 97 .0025 all 36.4 170 x 170 .0035 - 89 .0024 all 35.1 180 x 180 .0033 - 84 .0023 all 34.7 200 x 200 .0029 - 74 .0021 all 33.6	Plain weave wire mesh is woven by alternating the shute wire over and under the warp wire, creating a wire mesh.
Twill weave wire mesh is woven by passing the shute wire over and under two warp wires, creating a sturdier weave. This weave allows for the use of heavier wires, producing a stronger wire mesh. Plain Dutch weave wire mesh is woven using two sizes of wire. Smaller wires, as small as micron size, are used in the shute direction and are woven with a larger warp wire. The smaller wires are woven tightly together, providing a tight mesh for filtering. The larger wire provides strength to the mesh. Twill Dutch weave wire mesh combines Dutch and twill weaving to provide a fine mesh filtering cloth. Shute wires are passed over and under two warp wires, providing a tight, fine filter with tapered openings.   Material available are Monel, Phosphor Bronze, and Stainless Steel. All data subject to manufacturing tolerances.